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The
word "mystery" is of Greek derivation, and dates from pre-Christian
times. For the ancient Greeks, "mysteries" were those religious
rites which involved some process of "initiation", that is to
say an introduction into and familiarisation with some "mystical"
and hidden truths. The most well known of these rites were the "Eleusinian".
From the verb 'muw' (initiate) — which means "I half
close my eyes" so that I can delve more deeply and ponder by limiting
the external light which does not allow me to concentrate within —
are derived the words "mystery", "mystical", "mystic",
"mystagogy" etc, which all refer to the many-faceted and forever
unsearchable reality of depth, in contrast to the flat presence of the
surface. Christianity borrowed the word "mystery" from here,
thereby giving it an even deeper and more sacred meaning. The "mysteries"
of the idolaters are as far removed from the "mysteries" of
the Church as the truths of the world are from the truths of God.
The word "sacrament" is often used for mystery in modern
Church terminology in order to express the visible "action"
in the context of worship with which invisible grace is transmitted to
the faithful. Thus we mainly speak of the seven mysteries or Sacraments
of the Church without this of course signifying that the salvific grace
of God is necessarily or exclusively bound by those concrete "actions".
There is however a more general meaning of the term "mystery"
which expresses the undefined total of known and unknown truths which
regulate the position and the relationships of the individual person with
God and with fellow human beings, within the entire plan of Divine Economy.
For, as it has been correctly stated, "no man is an island".
Within this broader and more general meaning, every human person
possesses his or her own mystery, just like unique fingerprints, regardless
of the external appearance of that person's life.
This mystery, while no doubt unknown to others, remains largely
unknown even to the very person concerned.
Yet when the mystery of the individual person has a decisive significance
for the salvation of others — and this is mainly true in the case
of the Saints — then the personal mystery no longer remains a secret
with seven seals. For, as the late Father Paisios had said, "the
Saint hides himself, but the Grace of God reveals him". It "reveals"
him not of course for the "praise of people", but for the salvation
of many.
Thus, the confession and gratitude of those who benefit becomes,
without even trying, a revelation and an amazing commentary on the hidden
aspects of one's personal mystery.
If this follows in terms of "decoding" the unseen aspect
of the mystery of each "chosen vessel" and instrument of divine
grace in this world, then it is only natural that this should occur more
profoundly in the incomparable "mystery" of the Virgin Mary.
The period of compunction in the first fifteen days of August,
with traditional fasting and daily Supplication services, gives us again
this year an opportunity to recall a few of the many benefactions of the
Mother of God towards the whole human race. These truths however surpass
logic, which is why we will appeal to the conscience of the faithful,
rather than their logic. And we will recall several of the unique goods
which the Virgin Mary, being "full of grace", has secured for
us, and which she continues to maintain in our midst through her ceaseless
"intercessions".
The leading theologian of the 14h century. St Gregory Palamas,
Archbishop of Thessaloniki, in admiring the unsearchable "mystery"
which the Virgin Mary silently crystallised at the centre of the Divine
Economy, even goes as far as to say that Mary the Mother of God is "the
cause of all those who have gone before her, and the guardian of all those
who come after her". No matter how strange this description may seem
for a creature of God -even if this is the Virgin Mary- we shall see below
that this is not an enthusiastic exaggeration of love, nor a rhetorical
device which is called "poetic licence". On the contrary, this
statement is a most precise and profound theological definition, worthy
of the great Teacher of Orthodoxy.
If theosis i.e. deification of the human person was the '"pre-eternal
will" of God, which looked towards the Incarnation, it is clear that
the "giving" of human nature by the Virgin Mary to the Son and
Word of God was the highest goal of the entire Creation. For this reason
"all that was before her" are justifiably considered as being
directed towards the Virgin Mary, as the "final cause". And
precisely because she has such a crucial relationship with all who went
before her, she is then the protector "of all who came after her".
In this way, the Mother of God is presented as the "key" of
all Creation.
Having the supreme and central soteriological event of incarnation
as a foundation, we can easily verify various other corresponding features
of the Virgin Mary, which give a more detailed account of her incomparable
personal mystery and grandeur.
It was precisely this most central position and relationship of
the Virgin Mary with the entire plan of the Divine Economy which allowed
the Church Fathers to form and develop not only a typological, but also
a substantial parallel between the Virgin Mary and the Church in general.
The central axis of this parallel is the fact that both are simultaneously
Mother and Virgin, having maternity and virginity absolutely, since both
are brought about "by the Holy Spirit". The almost complete
identification of the mystery of the Virgin Mary with the mystery of the
entire Church is perfectly and epigrammatically expressed even in the
Psalmic verse "glorious things are spoken of You, O city of God"
(Ps 87:3). It is the unique case in all of Creation when one single person
"represents" the entire city of God, that is to say the multitude
of "people being deified". This image alone would be sufficient
to declare for all time the breadth and depth of the mystery of the Virgin
Mary, which she herself had confessed with contrition and appreciation
when foretelling doxologically: "from now on all generations will
call me blessed" (Luke 1:48).
The fact that the gestation and incarnation of God the Word from
the pure Mother of God was the climax and unique service towards humanity
and the entire Creation, did not hinder St Maximos the Confessor from
teaching that the unique example of the Virgin Mary must, in some sense,
have a continuation and reflection in the life of each of the faithful.
Every faithful person must "bring forth" the Word of God in
his life and become, in a personal way, a kind of Bearer of God (Theotokos).
This of course does not signify a repetition of the "hypostatic union",
which would be an unacceptable heresy and blasphemy. However, what is
meant here is of course a bringing forth of the Word of God in a moral
sense in each person through the divine grace which is afforded by the
communion of the Holy Spirit, with the sacramental life of the Church.
At any rate, we shall approach the mystery of the Virgin Mary in
an even better manner by remembering three specific aspects of her historical
life, all of which express three fundamental features of her holy person:
1) utter humility and obedience
2) evervirginity
3) the divine Assumption with the Dormition
At first glance, one may tend to believe that the first of the
three features above was in fact the cause from which the other two blossomed,
as a kind of reward on the part of God. Yet a more careful examination
will reveal that all three of these are equivalent or are, in other words,
three different perspectives on the same reality with which God endowed
her who is "full of grace".
The utter humility and obedience of the Virgin Mary means that
she left herself totally in the hands of God. Upon this precise point
the "evervirginity" of the Mother of God is founded and sealed
for all time, which is also why we should not restrict this only to her
bodily integrity, but rather to her entire conscience and person, which
never permitted the slightest divergence (or wandering) from the divine
will.
And when the rational creature of Cod, which is His icon, freely
chooses utter humility, thereby maintaining the continual virginity with
regard to the divine will, then it is clear that such a person has by
the grace of God reached incorruptibility, which the Assumption infers.
Only in this way can the tomb be no longer a point of bankruptcy
and a grievous end to a tormented life but, on the contrary, the beginning
and prelude to the "eighth day", something which allows us to
chant within the formal worship of the Church:
"O marvellous wonder!
The source of life is laid in the tomb,
and the tomb itself becomes a ladder to heaven..."
For this very reason the early Church considered the "Birthday"
not to be one's birth into the world, with all of the uncertainties that
would follow, but rather the day of one's falling asleep in the Lord,
which definitely sealed not only earthly time, but also the final physiognomy
of that person in the Kingdom of God. This is also why the Orthodox, when
keeping their Tradition, celebrate namedays rather than birthdays.
from Voice of Orthodoxy, vol 18, No. 8
published by the Archdiocese of Australia
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